Pakistani immigrants feel more at home in Scotland than the English people that live there.

The study of more than 1,200 people and 12 focus groups around Scotland found that almost half of English people living north of the border (frontier) felt that, to be "truly Scottish", it was essential to be born in Scotland but less than a quarter of Pakistanis believed birthplace (place where you were born) matters. Current (the last available) estimates suggest there are up to 400,000 Englishmen in Scotland, and there are now 21,000 Pakistanis - most of them in Glasgow.

The study, by Professor William Miller and Dr Asifa Hussain of the university's politics department, discovered that while English people in Scotland were still more sympathetic (overt) than Pakistanis towards Scottish symbols or towards the teaching of Scottish history in schools, such attitudes did not make them more comfortable living among Scots.

"English people in Scotland have a more rigid, territorial identity than people in the Scottish Pakistani community," Professor Miller said.

Professor Miller said that because the Scottish Pakistani community considered its identity was based on religion rather than birthplace, they did not struggle (fight) to choose allegiance between two territories. "Their identity is portable (transferable). Being Muslim first and Scottish second does not conflict," By contrast, English people tended to believe their identity was "tied to the soil".

While religion was the main influence behind Pakistani identity, with 60 per cent of participants saying they were Muslim rather than Pakistani, British or Scottish, only 2 per cent of English subjects chose a religious identity.

Proportionally more Pakistanis were in favour of Scottish independence than Scots in general.

"Here we have an ethnic minority which identifies with nationalism and independence," Professor Miller said.

Masood Chaudhry, 51, a Glasgow shopkeeper, has no trouble cheering for his adopted country against England in football, though he supports the Pakistan cricket team. He said: "As far as we are concerned, we are Scottish. We are Muslim first, Scottish second and Pakistani third."

1/ Underline the functions expressing

Identity / Difficulty / Inner struggle / Inclination, acceptation

2/ Oppose the sense identity among Pakistanis and English people living in Scotland

3/ Translate

Selon les estimations actuelles, presque la moitié des anglais jouent au cricket

La plupart d’entre eux se sentent plus à l’aise en jouant pieds-nus

Ils considèrent que leur spécificité est fondée sur la longeur de leur gros orteil droit

Cela ne les gêne pas non plus de jouer la nuit avec des lunettes de soleil